IN VITRO GASTROINTESTINAL CALCIUM RELEASE FROM AN ORGANIC CALCIUM–CPP GRANULE MATRIX AND ITS TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE TO BIOAVAILABILITY

Nour-Eddine Ziraoui; Kofi Boateng; Nomsa Ndlovu

doi:10.61796/jhsm.v1i4.37

Authors

Nour-Eddine Ziraoui National Laboratory of Medicine LLC
Kofi Boateng National Laboratory of Medicine LLC
Nomsa Ndlovu National Laboratory of Medicine LLC

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61796/jhsm.v1i4.37

Keywords:

calcium citrate malate , calcium L-lactate , casein phosphopeptide, inulin, calcium bioavailability, gastrointestinal release, NVTIA

Abstract

Objective: This study evaluated an NVTIA organic calcium–casein phosphopeptide (CPP) composite tablet built from calcium citrate malate, calcium L-lactate, CPP, inulin, resistant dextrin and microencapsulated vitamin D3. Method: The optimized granule system achieved 84.7% calcium release after 30 min in gastric-phase medium and 61.5% soluble calcium retention after 60 min in intestinal-phase medium. Corresponding values were lower in a CPP/inulin-free comparator (76.2% and 50.8%), a wet-granulated vitamin D3 comparator (78.5% and 52.1%), and a direct-blending comparator (70.4% and 46.7%). Results: Human studies of calcium citrate malate and inulin-type fructans provide clinically relevant context for these physicochemical findings and a useful framework for future direct quantification of absorption with the complete formulation. Novelty: Taken together, the evidence supports a formulation-level strategy in which organic calcium dissolution, CPP-associated maintenance of calcium solubility, and fermentable-fiber effects are considered jointly, with single-ingredient studies serving as complementary mechanistic context.

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